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|native_name = |common_name = Sri Lanka |image_flag = Flag of Sri Lanka.svg |image_coat = Emblem of Sri Lanka.svg |symbol_type = Emblem |national_motto = |national_anthem = ''Sri Lanka Matha'' |image_map = Sri Lanka (orthographic projection).svg |image_map2=Sri Lanka - Location Map (2011) - LKA - UNOCHA.svg |capital = |latd=6 |latm=56 |latNS=N |longd=79 |longm=52 |longEW=E |largest_city = Colombo |religion = |official_languages = |languages_sub = yes |languages2_type = Recognized |languages2 = English |demonym = Sri Lankan |ethnic_groups = |ethnic_groups_year = |government_type = Unitary semi-presidential constitutional republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Maithripala Sirisena |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = Ranil Wickremesinghe |leader_title3 = Speaker of the Parliament |leader_name3 = Karu Jayasuriya |leader_title4 = Chief Justice |leader_name4 = K. Sripavan |legislature = Parliament |sovereignty_type = Independence |sovereignty_note = from the United Kingdom |established_event2 = Dominion |established_date2 = 4 February 1948 |established_event3 = Republic |established_date3 = 22 May 1972 |established_event4 = |established_date4 = 7 September 1978 |area_rank = 122nd |area_magnitude = 1 E10 |area_km2 = 65,610 |area_sq_mi = 25,332 |percent_water = 4.4 |population_estimate = |population_estimate_rank = |population_estimate_year = |population_census = 20,277,597 |population_census_rank = 57th |population_census_year = 2012 |population_density_km2 = 323 |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_rank = 40th |GDP_PPP = $233.637 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sri Lanka )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = 60th |GDP_PPP_year = 2015 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $11,069〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 99th |GDP_nominal = $80.591 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_rank = 68th |GDP_nominal_year = 2015 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $3,818〔 |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 114th |Gini_year = 2010 |Gini_change = |Gini = 36.4 |Gini_ref = 〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Gini Index )〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = increase |HDI = 0.750 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 73rd |currency = Sri Lankan rupee |currency_code = LKR |time_zone = SLST |utc_offset = +5:30 |time_zone_DST = |DST_note = |utc_offset_DST = |date_format = |drives_on = left |calling_code = +94 |cctld = .lk .ලංකා .இலங்கை }} Sri Lanka ( or ;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title="Sri Lanka" in several reference works )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Carnegie Mellon University Pronouncing Dictionary )〕 Sinhalese ''Śrī Laṃkāva'', Tamil ''Ilaṅkai''), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka and known from the beginning of British colonial rule until 1972 as Ceylon (), is an island country in South Asia near south-east India. Sri Lanka has maritime borders with India to the northwest and the Maldives to the southwest. Its documented history spans 3,000 years, with evidence of pre-historic human settlements dating back to at least 125,000 years. Its geographic location and deep harbours made it of great strategic importance from the time of the ancient Silk Road through to World War II.〔British Prime Minister Winston Churchill described the moment a Japanese fleet prepared to invade Sri Lanka as "the most dangerous and distressing moment of the entire conflict". – ''Commonwealth Air Training Program Museum'', (The Saviour of Ceylon )〕 A diverse and multicultural country, Sri Lanka is home to many religions, ethnic groups, and languages. In addition to the majority Sinhalese, it is home to large groups of Sri Lankan and Indian Tamils, Moors, Burghers, Malays, Kaffirs and the aboriginal Vedda.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Vedda )〕 Sri Lanka has a rich Buddhist heritage, and the first known Buddhist writings of Sri Lanka, the Pāli Canon, dates back to the Fourth Buddhist council in 29 BC.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Religions – Buddhism: Theravada Buddhism )〕 The country's recent history has been marred by a thirty-year civil war which decisively ended when Sri Lankan military defeated Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam in 2009.〔(Reuters Sri Lanka wins civil war, says kills rebel leader )reuters (18 May 2009). Retrieved on 18 November 2012.〕 Sri Lanka is a republic and a unitary state governed by a presidential system. The legislative capital, Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, is a suburb of the commercial capital and largest city, Colombo. An important producer of tea, coffee, gemstones, coconuts, rubber, and the native cinnamon, the island contains tropical forests and diverse landscapes with much biodiversity. Sri Lanka has had a long history of international engagement, as a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), and a member of the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the G77, and the Non-Aligned Movement. It is the only country in South Asia that is currently rated "high" on the Human Development Index.〔 ==Etymology== (詳細はMahavamsa'', the legendary Prince Vijaya named the land Tambapanni ("copper-red hands" or "copper-red earth"), because his followers' hands were reddened by the red soil of the area. Known in India as Lankā ("Island") or the Sinhala Kingdom, ancient Greek geographers called it ''Taprobanā'' () or ''Taprobanē'' ()〔(【引用サイトリンク】 In Search of Taprobane: the Western discovery and mapping of Ceylon )〕 and Persians and Arabs referred to it as ''Sarandīb'' (the origin of the word "serendipity"). ', the name given to Sri Lanka by the Portuguese Empire when it arrived in 1505, was transliterated into English as ''Ceylon''. As a British crown colony, the island was known as Ceylon; it achieved independence as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948. The country is known in Sinhalese as ' ((シンハラ語:ශ්රී ලංකා)) and in Tamil as ' ((タミル語:இலங்கை), ). In 1972, its formal name was changed to "Free, Sovereign and Independent Republic of Sri Lanka". Later in 1978 it was changed to the "Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka". As the name Ceylon still appears in the names of a number of organisations, the Sri Lankan government announced in 2011 a plan to rename all those over which it has authority. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sri Lanka」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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